List of Important International Organisations- UN, UNESCO, World Bank, IMF, ADB, BRICS, BIMSTEC, NATO, G7, G20

International organizations are one that includes members from more than three countries. The major international organisations are given below:

1. United Nations

• UN is an intergovernmental organization that aims to maintain international peace and security and promote friendly relations among its members.
• It was formed on 24 October 1945 after World War II and is the successor of the League of Nations established after World War I.
• Members: 193 countries
• The headquarters of the UN is located in New York.
• Antonio Guterres is the current Secretary-General of the UN.
• There are six official languages of the UN- Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish.

2. United Nations Security Council (UNSC)

• Its main function is to ensure international peace and security.
• It was established on 24 October 1945.
• The 15-member Security Council is the most powerful body of the United Nations. China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States are the five permanent members of the Security Council.
• The headquarters of UNSC is located in New York, United States.
• Current non-permanent members of UNSC (As of June 2023)- Albania, Brazil, Ecuador, Gabon, Ghana, Japan, Malta, Mozambique, Switzerland, UAE. 

3. Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate (CTED)

• The Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate (CTED) was established by UN Security Council Resolution 1535.
• CTED visits UN member countries and assesses their efforts against terrorism.

4. United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC)

• It is a body of the United Nations. It aims to promote and protect human rights worldwide.
• It has 47 members. Its members are elected for a three-year term. It was founded on 15 March 2006.
• The membership shall be based on equitable geographical distribution, and seats shall be distributed as follows among regional groups:
  • Group of African States (13)
  • Group of Asia-Pacific States (13)
  • Group of Eastern European States (6)
  • Group of Latin American and Caribbean States (8)
  • Group of Western European and other States (7)
• It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.
• Federico Villegas is the current president of UNHRC.
• 47 Members of UNHRC (as of June 2023):

• Russia was suspended from UNHRC following Russia-Ukraine war. Czech Republic was elected to replace Russia.

5. United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)

• It was established in 1946.
• It is responsible for the promotion of tourism in the world.
• Its headquarters is located in Madrid, Spain.
• It promotes tourism as a driver of economic growth, inclusive development and environmental sustainability.
• UNWTO’s membership includes 160 Member States, 6 Associate Members and over 500 Affiliate Members representing the private sector, educational institutions, tourism associations and local tourism authorities.
• Secretary General: Zurab Pololikashvili

6. Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)

• It is one of the main principal organs of the United Nations.
• It was established by the UN Charter in 1945.
• It consists of 54 Members of the United Nations.
• It is responsible for identifying solutions for economic, social, and health problems.
• India has been elected to ECOSOC for two year term till 2024.

7. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

• The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations based in Paris, France.
•  It was established on 16 November 1945.
• World Heritage Committee of UNESCO selects sites to be listed as World Heritage Sites. It is headquartered in Paris, France. It was established in November 1976.
• Director General: Audrey Azoulay

8. World Health Organization (WHO)

• It is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health.
• It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.
• It was established on 7 April 1948.
• Its current President is Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.

9. International Labour Organization (ILO)

• It is a specialized agency of the United Nation consisting of 187 countries.
• It was formed in 1919 with its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland.
• It develops international labour standards and advances social justice.
• Members - 186 UN member countries and Cook Islands
• Current Director General of ILO: Gilbert F. Houngbo (11th DG of ILO)
• Gilbert F. Houngbo, former Prime Minister of Togo, replaced Gym Ryder in October 2022.

10. Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)

• It was signed by Russia and its five allies on 15 May 1992. It is also known as the Tashkent Pact. It came into force in 1994.
• Members - Russia, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Belarus
• In 2009, it established a rapid-reaction force comprising 20,000 elite personnel.
• CSTO’s members enjoy cooperation from Russia’s advanced armed forces, including training and arms.

11. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

• It is an intergovernmental political and military alliance of 31 North American and European countries.
• These countries, called NATO Allies, are sovereign states that come together through NATO to discuss political and security issues and make collective decisions by consensus.
• It was constituted in 1949 with the North Atlantic Treaty, which regulates the functioning of NATO.
• Its headquarters is located in Brussels, Belgium.
• In 1949, there were 12 founding members of the Alliance: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States.
• The other member countries are: Greece and Türkiye (1952), Germany (1955), Spain (1982), the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland (1999), Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia (2004), Albania and Croatia (2009), Montenegro (2017), North Macedonia (2020) and Finland (2023).

12. European Union

• It is a political and economic union of 27 member states which are mainly located in Europe.
• Members - Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Republic of Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden
• It was founded on 1 November 1993. It is headquartered in Brussels, Belgium.
• European Parliament is a legislative body of the European Union.
• Britain exited from EU on 31 January 2020. 

13. European Central Bank

• It is the central bank of the 20 European Union countries which have adopted the euro.
• Currently, the euro (€) is the official currency of 20 out of 27 EU member countries which together constitute the Eurozone, officially called the euro area.
• Members of EU using Euro: Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, The Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain
• The euro was launched on 1 January 1999.
• Its headquarters is located in Frankfurt, Germany.
• Christine Lagarde is the current President of the European Central Bank.

14. Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC)

• It is an international organization of South Asia and Southeast Asian countries.
• Members- Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Thailand
• It was formed on 6 June 1997 through Bangkok declaration.
• Its headquarters is located in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
• Nepal and Bhutan were included in the organisation in 2004.

15. Group of Seven (G7)

• G7 is an international intergovernmental economic organization of the world’s seven advanced economies.
• Members- Canada, Japan, Italy, France, Germany, the United States, and the United Kingdom
• Its first meeting was held in 1975 in France.
• Its headquarters is located in Taormina, Italy.

16. Digital Cooperation Organization (DCO)

• It was established in 2020 by seven countries.
• Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Nigeria Oman, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia are the founding members of DCO.
• It focuses on digital economy initiatives for youth, startup entrepreneurs and women.
• The DCO brings together the Ministries of Communications and IT of 13 nations – Bahrain, Cyprus, Djibouti, The Gambia, Ghana, Jordan, Kuwait, Pakistan, Oman, Nigeria, Rwanda, Morocco, and Saudi Arabia.
• DCO Secretary-General: Deemah AlYahya
• In March 2023, DCO welcomed six new Observers: BTECH, Deloitte, the Islamic Development Bank, Mobily, OneWeb, and Visa, who will join its group of 16 existing DCO Observers.

17. Association of Asian Election Authorities

• It was established in 1998.
• The main objective of the Association of Asian Election Authorities is to create a forum for sharing experiences and best practices among election authorities.
• It will help in promoting open and transparent elections, which will support the objective of good governance and democracy.
• AAEA is also an Associate Member of the 118 member Association of World Election Bodies (A-WEB).
• India has been unanimously elected as the new Chair of the Association of Asian Election Authorities (AAEA) for 2022-2024.
• The new member in the Executive Board now includes Russia, Uzbekistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Taiwan and Philippines.
• The Election Commission of India (ECI) is a founder member EMB of the AAEA and also served on the Executive Board of the AAEA as the Vice Chair during 2011-13 and Chair during 2014-16. 

18. G20

• It was formed in 1999.
• It consists of 19 countries and the European Union. 19 Members are- Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States.
• Current G20 Chairman- Narendra Modi
• It works to resolve major issues related to the global economy.
• In September 2023, India will host G20 Summit in New Delhi.

19. World Bank

• The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to governments in poor countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects.
• The World Bank is the collective name for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and International Development Association (IDA).
• It is headquartered in Washington DC, United States.
• It was founded in 1944.
• Members: 189 countries (IBRD), 174 (IDA)
• President of World Bank: Ajay Banga
• Chief Economist of World Bank: Indermit Gill

20. International Monetary Fund (IMF)

• IMF is an international organization.
• It is designed to promote global monetary cooperation.
• Its headquarters is located in Washington DC.
• It was established in 1945.
• Members: 190 countries
• Andorra was the 190th member country to join IMF.
• The Managing Director of IMF is Kristalina Georgieva.
• Chief Economist of IMF: Pierre Olivier Gourinchas

21. Asian Development Bank (ADB)

• The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is an international development finance agency whose aim is to assist developing member countries in reducing poverty and improving people's quality of life.
• It was founded in 1966. Its headquarters is located in Mandaluyong, Philippines.
• It is the vision goal of the ADB to create a prosperous, inclusive, resilient, and sustainable Asia and the Pacific while continuing its efforts to eliminate extreme poverty in the area.
• ADB's first President was Takeshi Watanabe.
• Members: 68 members
• Current President: Masatsugu Asakawa

22. New Development Bank (NDB)

• It was established in July 2015. In July 2014 at the 6^th BRICS Summit in Fortaleza, the Agreement establishing the New Development Bank (NDB) was signed. The Agreement entered into force in July 2015.
• It is headquartered in Shanghai, China.
• KV Kamath was the first elected President of the New Development Bank. He was replaced by Marcos Prado Troyjo.
• Current President of New Development Bank: Mrs. Dilma Vana Rousseff
• It aims to mobilize resources for development projects in BRICS, emerging economies, and developing countries.
• Members: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Bangladesh, UAE, Egypt, and Uruguay
• Uruguay is a Prospective member that has been admitted by NDB’s Board of Governors and will officially become a member country once it deposits its instrument of accession.
• Bangladesh, United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Uruguay joined NDB in 2021. Egypt is the latest member to join NDB (20 Feb 2023).

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