List of Important Articles of the Indian Constitution
The Constitution of India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November 1949 and came into force on 26th January 1950.
Articles in Indian Constitution
Articles in the Indian Constitution refer to the numbered sections or provisions that outline various aspects of the Constitution. Each article focuses on a particular subject and provides detailed provisions regarding its scope, implementation, and interpretation.
The articles of the Indian Constitution are categorized into different parts, schedules, and appendices. The main body of the Constitution comprises articles that cover topics such as fundamental rights, directive principles of state policy, the structure and powers of the government, citizenship, emergency provisions, and more.
The articles of the Constitution are typically accompanied by clauses, sub-clauses, and explanations that further elaborate on their intent and application. These provisions have been added to ensure clarity and specificity in the functioning of the Indian legal system.
Number of Articles in the Indian Constitution
The Indian Constitution originally had 395 articles when it was adopted on November 26, 1949. However, with subsequent amendments and additions, the total number of articles in the Indian Constitution has increased.
The Constitution of India is famous as the longest-written constitution in the world, consisting of 448 articles classified into 25 parts and 12 schedules.
List of Parts of Indian Constitution
Parts | Title | Articles |
Part I | Union & Its Territory | Articles 1 to 4 |
Part II | Citizenship | Articles 5 to 11 |
Part III | Fundamental Rights | Articles 12 to 35 |
Part IV | Directive Principles of State Policy | Articles 36 to 51 |
Part IV A | Fundamental Duties | Article 51A |
Part V | The Union | Articles 52 to 151 |
Part VI | The States | Articles 152 to 237 |
Part VII | The States in Part B of the First Schedule (Omitted by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956) | Article 238 |
Part VIII | The Union Territories | Articles 239 to 242 |
Part IX | The Panchayats | Article 243 to 243O |
Part IX A | The Municipalities | Article 243P to 243ZG |
Part IX B | The Co-operative Societies | Article 243ZH to 243ZT |
Part X | The Scheduled and Tribal Areas | Article 244 to 244A |
Part XI | Relation between Union & the States | Articles 245 to 263 |
Part XII | Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits | Article 264 to 300A |
Part XIII | Trade, Commerce and Intercourse within the territory of India | Articles 301 to 307 |
Part XIV | Services under the Union and States | Articles 308 to 323 |
Part XIV A | Tribunals | Articles 323A to 323B |
Part XV | Elections | Article 324 to 329A |
Part XVI | Special Provisions relating to certain classes | Articles 330 to 342 |
Part XVII | Official Languages | Articles 343 to 351 |
Part XVIII | Emergency Provisions | Articles 352 to 360 |
Part XIX | Miscellaneous | Articles 361 to 367 |
Part XX | Amendment of the Constitution | Article 368 |
Part XXI | Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions | Articles 369 to 392 |
Part XXII | Short title, Commencement, Authoritative Text in | Articles 393 to 395 |
Important Articles of the Indian Constitution
- Article 1: Name and Territory of the Union
- Article 3: Formation of new states and alteration of areas, boundaries, or names of existing states
- Article 4: Laws made under Articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and consequential matters
- Articles 5- 11: Citizenship
- Article 12: Definition of the state
- Article 13: Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the Fundamental rights.
- Article 14: Equality before law- The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India.
- Article 15: Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
- Article 16: Equality of Opportunity in Matters of public employment
- Article 17: Abolition of untouchability
- Article 18: Abolition of Titles- No title, not being a military or academic distinction, shall be conferred by the State No citizen of India shall accept any title from any foreign State
- Article 19: Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, freedom to form associations, etc.
- Article 20: Protection in respect of conviction for offences
- Article 21: Protection of Life and personal liberty
- Article 22: Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases
- Article 23: Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour
- Article 24: Prohibition of employment of children (below 14 years) in factories and mines.
- Article 25: Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion
- Article 26: Freedom to manage religious affairs
- Article 27: Freedom as to pay taxes for promotion of any particular religion
- Article 28: Freedom from attending religious instruction.
- Article 29: Protection of interest of minorities
- Article 30: Right to minorities to establish and administer educational institutions
- Article 32: Right to Constitutional Remedies
- Article 39A: Equal justice and free legal aid
- Article 40: Organisation of village panchayats
- Article 41: Right to work, to education, and to public assistance in certain cases
- Article 43: The State shall endeavor to secure, by suitable legislation or economic organization, for all workers in industrial work a living wage and conditions of work ensuring a decent standard of living and full enjoyment of leisure and social and cultural opportunities.
- Article 44: Uniform civil code for the citizens
- Article 45: Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years.
- Article 48: Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry
- Article 49: Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance
- Article 50: Separation of Judiciary from the Executive
- Article 51: Promotion of international peace and security
- Article 51A: Fundamental Duties
- Article 52-62: The President of India
- Article 63-69: The Vice-President of India
- Article 72: Powers of the President to grant pardons, suspend, remit, or commute sentences in certain cases
- Article 74: Council of ministers to aid and advise President of India
- Article 76: Attorney-General for India
- Article 78: Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President, etc.
- Article 79: Constitution of Parliament
- Article 80: Composition of Rajya Sabha
- Article 81: Composition of Lok Sabha
- Article 102: Disqualifications for membership of Parliament
- Article 105: Privileges of the Houses of Parliament and their members
- Article 110: Definition of “money bills"
- Article 112: Annual financial statement (Budget)
- Article 123: Power of President to promulgate ordinances during recess of Parliament.
- Article 124: Establishment and Constitution of Supreme Court
- Article 127: Appointment of adhoc judges
- Article 137: Review of judgement or orders by the Supreme Court
- Article 143: Power of President to consult Supreme Court
- Article 148: Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
- Article 153-161: Governors of state
- Article 163: Council of Ministers to aid and advise the Governor
- Article 165: Advocate-General of the state
- Article 169: Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in the states
- Article 213: Power of governor to promulgate ordinances
- Article 216: Constitution of high courts
- Article 226: Power of high courts to issue certain writs
- Article 239: Administration of union territories
- Article 243A: Gram Sabha
- Article 243B: Constitution of panchayats
- Article 244: Administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas
- Article 246A: Special provision with respect to goods and services tax
- Article 279A: Goods and Services Tax Council
- Article 280: Finance Commission
- Article 300A: Right to Property
- Article 315: Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States
- Article 324: Election Commission of India (ECI)
- Article 338: National Commission for Scheduled Castes
- Article 338A: National Commission for Scheduled Tribes
- Article 338B: National Classes Commission for Backward Classes
- Article 343: Official language of the Union
- Article 352: Proclamation of emergency – National emergency
- Article 356: State Emergency (President’s rule)
- Article 360: Financial emergency
- Article 368: Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution
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