The Hindu Vocabulary 18 July 2022

Word/Phrase

Part of Speech/Idiom

Meaning

Synonyms

Antonyms

Example

Deficit

Noun

Shortage of something required

(घाटा)

Loss, Shortfall, Arrears, Default, Deficiency, Dues

Abundance, Adequacy, Advantage, Enough, Plenty

The current account deficit of the country increased subsequently.

Fret

Verb

Be constantly or visibly worried or anxious.

(कुढ़ना)

Agonize, Bother, Brood, Carp, Chafe, Fume, Anguish

Ignore, Delight, Please, Appease, Make happy, Pacify

People fretted about the rising retail inflation.

Fiscal

Adjective

Relating to the public revenues.

(राजकोषीय)

Monetary, Financial, Budgetary, Economic

-

The government is trying to limit the fiscal deficit.

Encompass

Verb

Surround and have or hold within

(घेरना)

Beset, Circle, Compass, Enclose, Envelope, Girdle, Cover, Embrace

Exclude, Free, Release, Let go, Unloose

The highway encompasses the whole town.

Sanguine

Adjective

Optimistic or positive, especially in an apparently bad or difficult situation.

(आशावादी)

Optimistic, Bullish, Hopeful, Buoyant, Positive

Negative, Pessimistic, Dull, Gloomy

Shalini was sanguine towards achieving her goal.

Recovery

Noun

A return to a normal state of health, mind or strength

(वापस पाना)

Recuperation, Convalescence, Rehabilitation, Healing, Improvement

Deterioration, Relapse

We can see recovery in his illness.

Assert

Verb

State a fact or belief confidently and forcefully.

(जोर देना)

Declare, Maintain, Contend, Argue, State, Claim, Propound

Shun, Evade, Avoid, Neglect, Eschew, Elude, Ignore

The company asserted that the new policy will not affect the employees.

Subside

Verb

Become less intense, violent, or severe.

(कम होना)

Abate, Descend, Diminish, Dwindle, Ease, Slacken

Develop, Enlarge, Grow,

The rescue team waited for few minutes until the water level subside to continue the operation.

Optimism

Noun

An attitude reflecting a belief or hope that the outcome of some specific endeavour.

(आशावाद)

Certainty, Anticipation, Trust, Cheerfulness, Easiness

Depression, Distrust, Fear, Uncertainty, Gloom

One should maintain optimism even on the hardest days.

Impending

Adjective

Likely to occur soon.

(निकट का)

Approaching, Brewing, Coming, Proximate

Gone, Distant, Later, Past

One should be prepared for the impending earthquake. 

Mar

Verb

To damage or harm.

(हानि करना)

Blight, Bruise, Harm, Impair

Aid, Assist, Build, Clean

The flood marred all the buildings and houses in the town.

Persistent

Adjective

Lasting tenaciously.

Constantly repeated.

(दृढ़)

Constant, Continual, Endless, Patient

Broken, Ceasing, Disloyal, Terminable

He was able to shun his addiction owing to his persistent efforts.

Strife

Noun

Angry or bitter disagreement over fundamental issues; conflict.

(विवाद)

Conflict, Friction, Discord, Disagreement, Dissension, Variance

Harmony, Peace, Cooperation, Euphony, Consonance

The civil strife in the country led to the resignation of the President.

Curtail

Verb

Reduce in extent or quantity; impose a restriction on.

(कम करना)

Reduce, Cut, Cut down, Decrease, Lessen, Diminish, Retrench, Shrink

Increase, Lengthen, Surge, Rise, Grow, Enlarge

The government curtailed the powers of the local authority during the emergency.

Imposition

Noun

The laying on of something as an obligation.

The act of imposing by an authority.

Something imposed.

(आरोपण/ अधिरोपण/ टैक्स/ कर)

Assessment, Duty, Impost, Levy, Tax, Artifice, Cheating, Hypocrisy, Con, Intrusion, Charge, Command, Constraint

Frankness, Honesty, Reality, Sincerity, Advantage, Aid, Forthrightness, Benefit

The imposition of new tariffs on exports was opposed by the traders.

Unravel

Verb

Investigate and solve or explain (something complicated or puzzling).

(सुलझाना)

Solve, Disclose, Explain, Sort out

Question, Wonder

The books unravel the mystery behind various monuments.

Levy

Verb

Impose

(उगाही)

Charge, Exact, Impose, Mulct, Raise

Drop, Reduce, Cut, Down, Disband

The government has levied heavy duties on oil products.

Recession

Noun

A period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced, generally identified by a fall in GDP in two successive quarters.

(मंदी)

Downturn, Depression, Slump, Slowdown, Trough, Stagnation

Increase, Success, Rise, Advance, Inflation

There may be a recession in the coming weeks.

Sustain

Verb

To make something continue for a long period of time without becoming less

(क़ायम रखना)

Continue, Defend, Assist, Preserve

Hinder, Hurt, Obstruct, Stop

The hybrid animals were sustained in the zoo.

Tepid

Adjective

Showing little enthusiasm.

(उत्साहहीन)

Unenthusiastic, Apathetic, Indifferent, Cool, Offhand, Desultory

Enthusiastic, Passionate, Intense, Ardent, Fervent

His words acted tepid for me.

Caution

Noun

Alertness and prudence in a hazardous situation to minimize risk.

A person or thing that astonishes apprehension.

Care taken to avoid danger.

A warning against danger.

(चेतावनी/ सावधानी/सतर्कता/ एहतियात)

Attention, Care, Discretion, Foresight, Advice, Caveat, Counsel, Gingerliness

Carelessness, Indiscretion, Neglect, Disregard, Ignorance, Heedlessness, Imprudence

Always drive with caution on road.

Trajectory

Noun

The path followed by a projectile flying or an object moving under the action of given forces.

(प्रक्षेपवक्र)

-

-

The car was not following the right trajectory.

Vicious

Adjective

Deliberately cruel or violent

(बुरा)

Atrocious, Barbarous, Cruel, Ferocious, Heinous

Calm, Civilized, Gentle, Good

He picked up a vicious fight with his classmate.

Exacerbate

Verb

To make worse

(तीक्ष्ण करना)

Aggravate, Annoy, Inflame, Provoke

Help, Aid, Improve, Appease

The resignation of the Prime Minister exacerbated the political turbulence.

Ensure

Verb

To secure or make certain.

To guarantee.

(सुनिश्चित करना)

Assure, Guarantee, Secure, Protect

Endanger, Harm, Ignore, Injure

The rescue team ensured the safety of the people.

Hinder

Verb

Obstruct

(बाधा पहुंचाना)

Hamper, Impede, Obstruct, Retard, Balk, Inhibit

Help, Facilitate, Enhance, Encourage, Free, Liberal

The sight of the groom was hindered due to the presence of too many people on the stage.

Mitigate

Verb

Lighten

(कम करना)

Allay, Alleviate, Assuage, Blunt, Soothe

Aggravate, Agitate, Irritate, Extend

The medicine mitigated the pain for some time.