The Hindu Vocabulary 5 January 2023

Word/Phrase

Part of Speech/Idiom

Meaning

Synonyms

Antonyms

Example

Macroeconomics

Noun

A study of economics in terms of the whole system, i.e., dealing with the broad and general aspects of the economy.

(मैक्रोइकॉनॉमिक्स)

-

Microeconomics

Macroeconomics data shows that the Manufacturing sector in India has gained momentum.

Momentum

Noun

Force or speed of movement.

Strength or force gained by motion or by a series of events.

If a process gains momentum, it means it is developing or growing.

In physics, momentum is the mass of a body multiplied by its velocity.

(गति/ वेग/ चाल/ गति-मात्रा)

Energy, Power, Strength, Drive

Lethargy, Weakness

Our company gained momentum after we received funding.

Inflation

Noun

A continuous rise in the price level related attributed to an increase in the volume of money.

(मुद्रास्फीति)

Boom, Expansion, Hike, Rise, Affectation

Abridgment, Compression, Reduction, Deflation

Inflation has always been a challenge for governments.

Concern

Noun

Something that relates to one.

Matter for consideration.

A matter that calls for a person’s attention.

(चिंता/ प्रसंग)

Care, Concernment, Consideration, Heed, Burden, Interest, Involvement, Matter

Calmness, Disregard, Neglect, Calm, Entertainment, Fun

Our friend’s health is a cause of concern to us.

Verb

To relate to something.

To care about some matter of trouble.

(चिंतित होना/ लगाव रखना)

Bother, Disturb, Interest, Involve, Perturb, Regard

Aid, Calm, Reassure, Help, Unconcern

The recent issues are concerning our family.

Underlying

Adjective

Lying or situated beneath.

Fundamental or basic.

Discoverable only by close scrutiny or analysis.

Anterior and prior in the claim.

(सीधे/ दिल खोलकर / सफ़ाई से/ संपूर्ण)

Abecedarian, Basal, Basic, Beginning, Basic, Elemental, Hidden, Bottom

Secondary

The underlying cause of the issue was still to be investigated.

Provisional

Noun

Serving for the time being.

Accepted tentatively.

(अस्थायी)

Provisionary, Temporary, Impermanent, Provisory

Permanent, Unconditional, Unlimited, Extended

The government sometimes gives provisional approval to the use of the new drug in case of emergencies.

Spanning

Verb

(of a bridge, arch, etc.) extend from side to side of.

(फैलाना)

Extending, Lengthening, Spreading, Ranging, Stretching

-

India was once spanned to many countries of today.

Sequential

Adjective

Forming or following in a logical order or sequence.

(क्रमबद्ध)

Subsequent, Consecutive, Constant, Continuous, Following

Nonsequential

The dealer has put the cards in a sequential manner.

Contraction

Noun

The process of becoming smaller.

(सिकुड़न)

Compression, Condensation, Constriction, Squeezing

Decompression, Expansion, Dissipation, Scattering, Inflation

When we change the state of metal from liquid to solid, it undergoes contraction.

Fiscal

Adjective

Relating to the public revenues.

(राजकोषीय)

Monetary, Financial, Budgetary, Economic

-

The fiscal deficits have been reduced over the last quarter.

Undergird

Verb

To strengthen by passing a rope or chain under and around.

To give fundamental support.

To form the basis and foundation of something.

(किसी रस्सी या जंजीर को नीचे और चारों ओर घुमाकर मजबूत करना ।/ मौलिक सहयोग देना ।/ किसी चीज का आधार और आधार बनाना ।)

Bolster, Hold, Reinforce, Uphold

Undermine, Weaken, Drop, Fall

The report undergirded his arguments.

Crucial

Adjective

Extremely important.

(महत्वपूर्ण)

Central, Decisive, Essential, Imperative

Inessential, Insignificant, Minor, Optional

Having good quality tires in the car is very crucial for passenger safety.

Strengthen

Verb

To make stronger.

To give strength to someone or something.

(मज़बूत बनाना/ प्रबल करना/शक्तिशाली बनना/ पुष्ट करना)

Bolster, Enlarge, Enhance, Extend, Increase, Intensify, Invigorate, Extend, Consolidate, Restore, Toughen

Abridge, Condense, Curtail, Decrease, Destroy, Discourage, Dishearten, Fail

The current government has worked towards strengthening our country’s ties with neighbouring countries.

Appreciably

Adverb

To an appreciable extent.

(पर्याप्त रूप)

Far, Greatly, Markedly, Noticeably

Insignificantly, Little, Slightly, Unappreciably

Investors would love to hear that our profits have grown appreciably over the last four months.

Backlog

Noun

AA large log at the back of a hearth fire.

An accumulation of work or tasks that were not performed earlier.

(बकाया/ ढेर/ भराव/ संचय)

Inventory, Stockpile, Excess, Hoard

Debt, Lack, Need

The company is going to hire provisional staff to clear all the backlog of work.

Optimism

Noun

An attitude reflecting a belief or hope that the outcome of some specific endeavour.

(आशावाद)

Certainty, Anticipation, Trust, Cheerfulness, Easiness

Depression, Distrust, Fear, Uncertainty, Gloom

Company’s CEO has shown optimism about the company’s future.

Intensify

Verb

To become more intense.

To make more acute.

To make stronger.

To increase the opacity using chemicals.

(तेज/ तीव्र बनाना/ घनीभूत करना/ घनिष्ठ बनाना)

Aggravate, Boost, Build up, Deepen, Enhance, Escalate

Decrease, Diminish, Discourage, Dull, Halt, Help

Shravani intensified her search for a new job.

Outpace

Verb

To surpass or exceed.

(आगे बढ़ जाना)

Pass, Eclipse, Outshine, Beat, Dominate, Excel, Outclass, Outperform

Fail, Lose, Surrender

E-commerce has outpaced the traditional marketplace in recent times.

Policymaker

Noun

A person responsible for or involved in formulating policies, especially in politics.

(नीति निर्माता)

-

-

Our country’s policymakers are aware of the pandemic situation that may occur.