# Time and Work Concepts, Tricks and Formulas | Time and Work Questions

Time and Work is the widely asked topic in every exam for the past many years. If you are preparing for any government exam, then your concept of this topic should be very clear. Let’s revise all the concepts of Time and work from this article and learn time and work tricks to save time in exams through the following time and work study notes..

## Concept of Time and Work

Time: Time is the duration during which any activity or work happens or continues.

Work: Work is a task or set of activities to achieve a certain result.

We can define happening of work as:

• If a person A completes a work in X days, then the amount of work completed by him in 1 day will be =$${1 \over X}$$
• Similarly, if a person B completes work in Y days, then the amount of work completed by him in 1 day will be =$${1 \over Y}$$
• From the above two points, we can say that in one day A and B together can complete $${({1 \over X}+{1 \over Y})}$$ amount of work. Thus, together A and B can complete the work in $$\frac{XY} {X+Y}$$ days.

Here, we have assumed total work as 1 unit. Similarly, we can assume our total work as anything as per our convenience. The best assumption for easing out our calculations of the total work is assuming work as 100% or LCM of time taken by all the persons.

Points to Remember:

1. Every work requires a particular amount of time.
2. Work done is directly proportional to the time taken. And, the proportionality sign is removed by efficiency/one-day work/work rate.

Work done = Efficiency × Time taken

Let us understand the concept through a question

Example: - The time taken by Ram and Shyam alone to complete a piece of work is 24 days and 40 days, respectively. What is the time taken by Ram and Shyam together to complete the same amount of work?

Solution: -

Ram complete the whole work in 24 days

So, part of the work done by Ram in one day = $$\frac{1}{24}$$

Shyam complete the whole work in 40 days

So, part of the work done by Shyam in one day = $$\frac{1}{40}$$

Therefore, one day work of Ram and Shyam together will be

$$⇒\frac{1}{24}+\frac{1}{40}=\frac{8}{120}$$

As Ram and Shyam together can complete 8/120 part of the work in 1 day

So, time taken by Ram and Shyam together to complete the work will be =$$\frac{120}{8}=15$$ days

Alternative Method:

Step 1: Assuming a total work

Let us assume the total work be LCM of (24 and 40) = 120 units

Step 2: Calculating the efficiency of each individual

We know,

Work done = time taken × Efficiency(or one-day work)

⇒ Efficiency of Ram = 120/24 = 5 units/day

⇒ Efficiency of Shyam = 120/40 = 3 units/day

You can depict the above-calculated information in the format shown below:

Step 3: Calculating the combined efficiency

From the above figure,

Efficiency of Ram and Shyam together will be = 5 + 3 = 8 units/day

Now,

$${Time \space taken \space by \space \space Ram \space and \space Shyam\space \space to \space complete\space the work=\dfrac{Total \space work}{Efficiency}}$$

$$⇒\dfrac{120}{8}=15 \space days$$

### Different type of Time and Work questions in an exam

Let’s see how questions in various exams from time and work are generally asked:

Example: Three men A, B, and C can complete a piece of work in 15, 24 and 30 days, respectively.

1. If A and B together have started the work and did work for 4 days, then the remaining work will be completed by C in how many days?
2. If A, B and C together have started the work, but 2 days after the start of work, A left the work while B left the work three days before the completion of the work, then in how many days total work gets completed?

Solution: -

Let us assume the total work be LCM of (15, 24 and 30) = 120 units

Work done = time taken × Efficiency (or one-day work)

So,

1. Here, it is given that A and B started the work together

So, efficiency of A and B together will be = 8 + 5 = 13 units/day

Now, the amount of work done by A and B together in 4 days will be = 13 * 4 = 52 days

Thus, remaining work = 120 – 52 = 68 days

As remaining work is to be done by only C

So, time taken by C to complete the remaining work will be

$$=\dfrac{Work}{Efficiency}=\dfrac{68}{13}=5\dfrac{3}{13} \space days$$

1. Here, it is given that A, B and C together have started the work

So, efficiency of A, B and C together will be = 8 + 5 + 3 = 16 units/day

Amount of work done by A, B and C together in 2 days = 16 * 2 = 32 units

Now, remaining work = 120 – 32 = 88 units

As B left the work three days before the completion of the work

So, amount of work done by B in 3 days = 5 * 3 = 15 units

Thus, remaining work = 88 – 15 = 73 units

Here, we can say that the remaining work will be done by B and C together

Efficiency of B and C together will be = 5 + 3 = 8 units/day

Time taken by B and C together to complete the remaining 73 units of work

$$=\dfrac{73}{8}=9\dfrac{1}{8} \space days$$

⇒ Total time taken to complete the work $$= 2+9\dfrac{1}{8}+3=14\dfrac{1}{8} \space days$$

Note: If A working alone takes ‘d1’ days more than A and B together, and B working along takes ‘d2’ days more than A and B together, then the number of days taken by A and B working together will be $$\sqrt {d_1d_2}$$

Example: - Brij alone takes 3 days more than Brij and Mohan together to complete work while Mohan takes 12 days more than Brij and Mohan together, then in how many days Brij and Mohan together can complete the work?

Solution: - Here, d1 = 3 and d2 = 12

So, Time taken by Brij and Mohan to complete the work together will be = $$\sqrt{3*12}=\sqrt{36}=6 \space days$$

### Concept of Efficiency

Efficiency denotes the amount of work done by any person in 1 day. We use this concept to compare the quality of a worker, i.e., if a worker is more efficient than any other worker, then we can say he/she can do more work in 1 day as compared to other workers.

The ratio of the efficiencies of two workers is inversely proportional to the time taken by them to complete a work.

• If a worker is less efficient than he/she will take more time to complete the work.
• If a worker is more efficient than he/she will take less time to complete the work.
• The number of workers is inversely proportional to the time taken to complete the work.

Example: - A is 3 times as efficient as B. If B alone can complete the work in 12 days, then A alone can complete the work in how many days?

Solution: - According to the question, the ratio of the efficiency of A and B is 3 : 1

We know that the ratio of the efficiency is inversely proportional to the ratio of the time taken

So, the ratio of the time taken by A and B to complete the work will be 1 : 3

Let us assume A alone completes the work in x days and B alone completes the work in 3x days

3x = 12

x = 4

Therefore, A alone can complete the work in 4 days.

Note: The concept of efficiency is widely used to equate the works of men, women, and children.

Let us understand the application of the concept of efficiency through a question

Example: - 8 men and 7 women can complete a piece of work in 15 days while 6 men and 3 women can complete a piece of work in 30 days. In how many days 1 woman can complete the total work?

Solution: - Let us assume efficiencies or one day work of 1 man and 1 woman are M and W respectively

So, the efficiency of 8 men = 8M and efficiency of 7 women = 7W

Similarly, efficiency of 6 men = 6M and efficiency of 3 women = 3W

We know,

Work done = time taken × Efficiency

According to question, 8 men and 7 women can complete a piece of work in 15 days

So, Total work done = (Efficiency of 8 men and 7 women) × Time taken

⇒ Total work done = (8M + 7W) * 15 = 120M + 105W …… (1)

Similarly, 6 men and 3 women can complete a piece of work in 30 days

So, Total work done = (Efficiency of 6 men and 3 women) × Time taken

⇒ Total work done = (6M + 3W) * 30 = 180M + 90W ….. (2)

As, total work done is same so

120M + 105W = 180M + 90W

60M = 15W

4M = 1W

From the above equation we can say that efficiency of 1 woman is equal to the efficiency of 4 men

Now, from equation (1)

Total work done = 120M + 105W

$$⇒Total \space work \space done=\dfrac{120}{4}W+105W=135W$$

Therefore, time taken by 1 woman to complete the work will be

$$⇒\dfrac{135W}{1W}=135 \space days$$

### Work and Wages

The Concept of work and wages is used to compare the work with the remuneration for the work. The wages for any amount of work is directly proportional to the work done.

• If all the workers work for the same number of days, then their wages are in the ratio of their efficiencies.
• If all the workers have the same efficiencies and do the work for the different number of days, then their wages are distributed in the ratio of the number of days for which each of them worked.
• If the workers have different efficiency and do the work for the different number of days, then their wages are in the ratio of the work done by them.

### MDH formula

MDH formula is used to compare the works of the same nature done at two different times using different manpower. The MDH formula can be represented as

$$\dfrac{M_1D_1H_1E_1}{W_1}=\dfrac{M_2D_2H_2E_2}{W_2}$$

Where M denotes the number of men/women, D denotes the number of days, H denotes the number of hours in a day, E denotes the efficiency of 1 man, and W denotes part of work done

Let us understand the application of this formula using a question

Example: - 20 men working 10 hours per day can finish 2/3rd of the work in 12 days, while 15 women working 9 hours per day can finish 2/5th of the work in X days. If one woman is twice as efficient as one man, then what is the value of X?

Solution: -

Here,

M1 = 20, D1 = 12, H1 = 10, W1 = $$2 \over 3$$, M2 = 15, D2 = X, H2 = 9, W2 = $$2 \over 5$$

According to the question, one woman is twice as efficient as one man

So, the ratio of efficiency of woman and man is 2 : 1

$$⇒\dfrac{E_2}{E_1}=\dfrac{2}{1}$$

Now, using MDH formula we get

$$\dfrac{M_1D_1H_1E_1}{W_1}=\dfrac{M_2D_2H_2E_2}{W_2}$$

$${⇒\dfrac{20*12*10}{\dfrac{2}{3}}=\dfrac{15*X*9}{\dfrac{2}{5}}*\dfrac{E_2}{E_1}}$$

$$⇒\dfrac{2400*3}{2}=\dfrac{135*5*X}{2}*2$$

$$⇒X=5\dfrac{1}{3} \space days$$

## Pipe and Cistern

In the case of pipe and cistern problems, all the above concepts of time and work are applied. One more concept of negative work also comes into play on this topic. To check how questions on Pipe and cistern are asked in various exams and read in detail about Pipe and cistern, click HERE.

### Q 1. What is the best method to master Time and work Topic?

Practice is the key to master any topic of any subject, so do more and more practice of questions on this topic. To master this topic, you should also master topics like percentage and ratio and proportion as this chapter includes concepts from these topics.

### Q 2. I am not from technical background can I score well in this topic?

Time and work is a fundamental chapter, which is taught to you in your early school days. You don’t have to be a technical degree holder to get a command over this topic.

### Q 3. What is the weightage of Time and work in different exams like SSC, CAT, Banking, and Railways?

Time and work require basic knowledge and understanding of Mathematics, so it generally has a higher weightage as compared to other topics. Typically, 5 – 10% of questions are asked from this topic in different competitive exams.

### Q 4. I could not score well in "Time and work" topic what should I do?

Just read and understand the given study material to you and practice a lot of questions on this topic. You can attempt a Quiz based on Time and work available on our website.

### Q 5. How Time is related to work?

Work is directly proportional to the work, where the proportionality constant is known as efficiency.

### Q 6. Which is the best book to practice questions of Time and work?

You can refer to the material given on PendulumEdu for Time and Work or any standard book, but the best strategy to excel in this topic is to practice questions from the previous year papers and attempt quizzes as it will also help you to get familiar with the exam pattern for which you are preparing.

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