Daily Current Affairs and GK | 25 and 26 December 2025

Topic: Banking/Finance

1. RBI plans to inject around ₹3 trillion into banking system through open market operations and a foreign exchange swap.

• RBI will purchase government securities worth ₹2 trillion through open market operations.
• This will be carried out in four equal tranches of ₹50,000 crore each on December 29, January 5, January 12 and January 22.
• On 13 January, RBI will carry out a three-year USD/INR buy-sell swap of $10 billion.
• RBI recently carried out intervention in the foreign exchange market.
• It sold dollars to curb volatility in the rupee. As per experts, this currency market intervention had tightened rupee liquidity.
• So far in December, RBI has already injected about ₹1.45 trillion of liquidity through bond purchases and foreign exchange swaps.
• In the 1st half of this calendar year, RBI injected around ₹9.5 trillion into the banking system.
• This was done through open market purchases, long-term repo operations, and USD/INR buy-sell swaps.
• Open market operations are a monetary policy tool. RBI uses them to manage money supply and liquidity in economy.
• Open market operations involve buying and selling of government securities with commercial banks and financial institutions.
• Foreign exchange swap is a simultaneous purchase and sell of same amounts of one currency for another.

Topic: Important Days

2. National Good Governance Day: 25 December

• National Good Governance Day is observed every year on 25 December.
• This day is observed to honor former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee on his birth anniversary.
• This day was established in 2014 to raise public awareness of government responsibility among Indian citizens.
• This day reminds us that governance is not only about administration, but also about making life better for every citizen.
• Good Governance Week (Sushasan Saptah) is observed every year from December 19 to 25.
• Atal Bihari Vajpayee served as India’s Prime Minister for three terms.
• During his leadership, India conducted the Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998.
• In 2015, he was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian honour.

Topic: International News

3. Oman's first polymer one-rial banknote has been launched.

• Oman’s first polymer one-rial banknote has been launched by the Central Bank of Oman, marking the country’s first issuance of currency in polymer material.
• The circulation of the new polymer one-rial banknote has been scheduled to begin from 11 January 2026, while remaining legal alongside existing paper notes.
• The introduction of polymer currency has been undertaken to enhance durability and improve protection against counterfeiting.
• The banknote has been designed with dimensions of 145 × 76 millimetres, combining modern security features with national symbolism.
• The Oman Botanic Garden has been depicted on the front side, reflecting the country’s commitment to biodiversity and environmental preservation.
• The reverse side features the Sayyid Tariq bin Taimur Cultural Complex, along with Duqm Port and Refinery, showcasing cultural heritage and economic development.
• A large transparent window inspired by arched botanical designs has been incorporated as a key security feature.
• A colour-shifting foil depicting the frankincense tree and iridescent ink displaying the Central Bank logo have been added to strengthen authenticity.
• Limited collector editions, including 1,000 uncut sheets and 10,000 packaged notes, will be made available through Oman Post’s sales outlets.

Topic: Books and Authors

4. The book ‘Sanatan Sanskriti Ki Atal Drishti’ released by the vice-president.

• The book ‘Sanatan Sanskriti Ki Atal Drishti’ has been released by the Vice-President of India, Shri C. P. Radhakrishnan, at the Vice-President’s Enclave in New Delhi.
• The book has been authored by Shri Vasudev Devnani, Speaker of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly, and was released during the centenary year of Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
• The publication has been described as a significant contribution reflecting the values, vision and cultural philosophy of former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
• Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee has been portrayed as an institution whose leadership was rooted in strong principles and national values.
• The Vice-President recalled his parliamentary association with Shri Vajpayee during the 12th and 13th Lok Sabha tenures.
• Vajpayee’s leadership during the Pokhran nuclear tests (Operation Shakti, 1998) was highlighted as a defining moment in India’s strategic confidence.
• His slogan “Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan, Jai Vigyan” was cited as a reflection of holistic national development.
• The creation of Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand and Jharkhand was attributed to Vajpayee’s vision of decentralised governance.
• The establishment of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs was highlighted as part of his commitment to inclusive development.

Topic: Infrastructure and Energy

5. The commercial operation of Subansiri Lower Hydropower Project Unit inaugurated.

• The commercial operation of Unit-2 (250 MW) of the Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project has been inaugurated by Union Power Minister Shri Manohar Lal.
• The commissioning has marked a major milestone in India’s largest hydropower project with an installed capacity of 2000 MW (8×250 MW).
• The project has been recognised as a symbol of India’s commitment to clean, renewable and sustainable energy.
• The Subansiri Lower Project has been designed as a run-of-the-river scheme with small pondage to support flood moderation.
• Upon full commissioning, the project is expected to generate 7,422 million units of renewable electricity annually.
• The project features the largest dam in North-East India, a 116-metre-high concrete gravity dam.
• Advanced engineering features include India’s heaviest hydro generator rotors and the first use of Rotec Tower Belt technology for dam concreting.
• NHPC has implemented extensive measures to protect the riverbanks and prevent erosion along the Subansiri River.
• Work has been completed on a 30-kilometer stretch of the river downstream, and it is being extended to 60 kilometers with an investment of approximately ₹522 crore.
• In addition to supplying electricity to 16 beneficiary states across India, the Subansiri Lower HE Project will provide free electricity to Arunachal Pradesh and Assam.
• Furthermore, the North-East region will receive 1,000 MW of power from this project, significantly strengthening regional energy availability.

Topic: Sports

6. The logo, theme song, and mascot for the Khelo India Tribal Games launched.

• The logo, theme song and mascot of the first-ever Khelo India Tribal Games (KITG) have been unveiled at Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh.
• The Games are scheduled to be held from 14 February 2026, marking a landmark initiative focused on tribal athletes.
• The launch event was attended by senior leaders including the Chief Minister and Deputy Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh.
• The Games have been envisioned to strengthen talent identification from tribal regions and expand the national athlete pool.
• The official mascot, 'Morveer', was unveiled, a name deeply rooted in Chhattisgarh’s cultural ethos.
• The word 'Mor' means "mine" or "our own" in Chhattisgarhi, and 'Veer' symbolises courage and bravery.
• Morveer represents the spirit, pride, and identity of India's tribal communities.
• Seven competitive sports disciplines have been included archery, athletics, football, hockey, wrestling, swimming and weightlifting, along with two demonstration indigenous sports.
• The event will be jointly organised by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, the Sports Authority of India, the Indian Olympic Association, National Sports Federations and the Chhattisgarh state organising committee.
• Identified athletes will be inducted as Khelo India Athletes, receiving scholarships of ₹5 lakh annually for eight years.
• Chhattisgarh will become the first state to host a national sporting event dedicated exclusively to tribal athletes.

Topic: Important Days

7. Veer Baal Diwas: 26 December

• Veer Baal Diwas is observed every year on 26 December to honour the martyrdom of Baba Fateh Singh and Zorawar Singh.
• Baba Fateh Singh and Zorawar Singh were Sahibzades, the sons of the tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh.
• On 26 December 2025, PM Modi described Veer Baal Diwas as a day of reverence dedicated to remembering their supreme sacrifice.
• On 9th January 2022, the day of the Prakash Purab of Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji, PM Modi had announced that 26th December will be ‘Veer Bal Diwas’.
• Guru Gobind Singh’s younger sons, Sahibzada Zorawar Singh (9) and Sahibzada Fateh Singh (7) were killed during an attack on Anandpur Sahib by the Mughals.

Topic: MoUs/Agreements

8. A MoU has been signed between National Test House (NTH) and the Department of Posts, Government of India.

• The MoU will make it possible to have nationwide collection and transportation of samples for quality testing.
• With this, the MoU aims to improve access to quality testing services and strengthen consumer protection.
• As part of MoU, the Department of Posts will carry out doorstep sample pickup from customers. It will then transport the samples to NTH laboratories.
• These NTH laboratories are in Kolkata, Ghaziabad, Mumbai, Jaipur, Guwahati, Varanasi and Chennai. 
• The MoU was signed on December 24, on the occasion of National Consumer Day.
• With this collaboration, the accessibility, affordability and efficiency of NTH’s testing services will be enhanced.
• The MoU will benefit consumers, manufacturers, MSMEs, startups, and businesses.
• These businesses located in remote and underserved areas will also benefit.
• National Test House provides facilities like testing, evaluation and calibration of raw materials as well as finished products to the end users.
• It is central government’s testing laboratory dealing with almost all sorts of testing, calibration and quality evaluation related to industry, commerce, trade etc.

Topic: Government Schemes and Initiatives

9. 25 years of Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) have been completed since its launch on 25 December 2000.

• On 25 December 2000, the scheme was launched to ensure all-weather connectivity to previously unconnected rural habitations.
• The scheme is now a key enabler of employment generation, agricultural growth, poverty alleviation and improved access to education and health services.
• Since the launch of the scheme, more than 8,25,000 kilometres of rural roads have been sanctioned.
• Over 7 lakh 87 thousand kilometres of roads have been completed.
• The government has allocated around 19 thousand crore rupees for the financial year 2025-26.
• As part of Phase IV, 62 thousand 500 kilometers of roads will be built between the financial years 2024-25 and 2028-29.
• These roads will be built with an overall financial outlay of more than 70 thousand crore.
• The scheme also promotes the use of environmentally sustainable materials.
• These include fly ash, slag, waste plastic, geosynthetics, bio-bitumen, and construction and demolition waste.
• Under the scheme, nearly 96 per cent of the sanctioned rural road length is completed.
• As a result, PMGSY has enhanced rural accessibility, strengthened market linkages, improved access to education and healthcare.

Topic: Indian Polity

10. Indian Constitution has been released by President Droupadi Murmu in the Santhali language at a function held at Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi.

• The Constitution has been released in the Santhali language, written in the Ol Chiki script.
• President said that the Ol Chiki script is completing 100 years this year.
• The President appreciated the Law and Justice Ministry for bringing the Constitution in Ol Chiki script in its centenary year.
• The Vice President recalled President Murmu’s role in promoting tribal welfare and languages as Governor of Jharkhand.
• Santhali language was included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution through the 92nd Amendment Act, 2003.
• It is one of the most ancient living languages of India. It is spoken by tribal people in Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal and Bihar.