Daily Current Affairs and GK | 30 September 2025

Topic: Important Days

1. Birth anniversary of Rani Rashmoni: 28 September

• Rani Rashmoni was born on 28 September 1793 in Kona village, located on the border of Nadia and North 24 Parganas.
• She was born into a Mahishya peasant family.
• She lost her mother when she was just seven years old.
• At the age of eleven, she was married to Babu Rajchandra Das.
• He belonged to a wealthy zamindar family in Janbazar, Kolkata.
• After her husband's death in 1836, Rani Rashmoni took charge of the zamindari and its finances.
• She earned admiration for her efficient management and charitable efforts.
• She oversaw the construction of the Dakshineswar Kali Temple between 1847 and 1855.
• She acquired a 30,000-acre plot of land for the temple.
• She invested nearly nine hundred thousand rupees in its development.
• Rani Rashmoni also financed the construction of ghats along the Ganges.
• She built roads for pilgrims to ease their journeys.
• She extended support to institutions like the National Library of India and Hindu College.
• She boldly opposed British colonial policies that affected local traditions.
• She challenged taxes imposed on fishing along the Ganges.
• She resisted British-imposed restrictions on religious processions.
• Rani Rashmoni strongly advocated for social reforms.
• She supported widow remarriage as a progressive social measure.
• She submitted a proposal to the East India Company to ban polygamy.

Topic: Sports

2. India won the Under-17 SAFF Championship title for the seventh time.

• On 27 September, India defeated Bangladesh 4-1 in a penalty shootout to claim the seventh SAFF U-17 Championship title.
• The final was held at the Racecourse International Stadium in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
• Regulation time ended 2-2, forcing the contest into penalties.
• Dallalmuon Gangte, Korou Meitei Konthoujam, and Indra Rana Magar successfully converted their penalties.
• Shubham Poonia scored the decisive fourth kick, securing the title for India.
• Bangladesh managed only one successful conversion through Md Manik from three attempts.
• This was India coach Bibano Fernandes' fifth SAFF title, and second in less than five months, having previously won the SAFF U-19 title in Arunachal Pradesh in May.

Topic: National News

3. S.C. Murmu appointed Deputy Governor of RBI.

• Shirish Chandra Murmu has been appointed as Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank of India for a three-year term.
• On September 29, 2025, the appointment was approved by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet.
• The appointment of Mr. Murmu will take effect from October 9, 2025.
• He currently serves as Executive Director at the Reserve Bank of India.
• Mr. Murmu will succeed Rajeshwar Rao, whose term ends on October 8.
• The deputy governor in charge of banking regulation and other portfolios will be replaced by him.
• The Reserve Bank of India has four deputy governors covering monetary policy, financial markets regulation, and banking supervision.

Topic: Awards and Prizes

4. DRDO won BusinessLine's Changemaker of the Year award.

• The Defence Research and Development Organisation was awarded the Changemaker of the Year Award by The Hindu Businessline.
• The award recognised DRDO’s contribution to indigenous defence technology and Operation Sindoor.
• This year's The Hindu BusinessLine Changemaker Awards highlighted initiatives in education, social welfare and empowerment of marginalised sections.
• The seventh edition of the awards began with a fluteboxing performance by R. Sudhir and concluded with chief guest Union Minister Hardeep Singh Puri’s address.
• Winners:

Topic: National Appointment

5. R. Venkataramani has been reappointed as Attorney General.

• Senior advocate R. Venkataramani has been re-appointed as the Attorney General of India for two years, effective October 1, 2025.
• His previous three-year term ended on September 30, 2025.
• The notification of re-appointment was issued by the Law Ministry.
• He succeeded K.K. Venugopal as Attorney General on September 30, 2022.
• The President of India re-appointed him based on the Union government’s recommendation.
• The Attorney General has the constitutional right to appear in any court in India.
• The AG provides legal advice to the government and handles complex litigations.
• Mr. Venkataramani has practised constitutional, tax, human rights, civil, criminal, consumer, and service laws.
• He was enrolled in the Bar Council of Tamil Nadu in 1977 and moved to the Supreme Court in 1979.
• He was designated a senior advocate in 1997 and has served as a member of the Law Commission in 2010.

Topic: Environment and Ecology

6. Rs 82 lakh sanctioned for red sandalwood conservation in Andhra Pradesh.

• The Chennai-based National Biodiversity Authority has sanctioned Rs 82 lakh to the Andhra Pradesh Biodiversity Board for conservation of endemic plant species Red Sanders (Pterocarpus santalinus).
• The funding aims to raise one lakh Red Sanders saplings for farmers, supporting the Trees Outside Forests programme.
• The funds have been provided from benefit-sharing amounts collected from Red Sanders users.
• The initiative demonstrates the application of the Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) mechanism under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002 (amended 2023).
• ABS ensures fair and equitable sharing of benefits with local communities, individuals, and Biodiversity Management Committees.
• Red Sanders, native to the Southern Eastern Ghats, is under threat due to high commercial value and smuggling.
• The species is protected under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, and listed under CITES to regulate international trade.
• NBA has previously released over ₹31.55 crore to Andhra Pradesh Forest Department for Red Sanders conservation.
• Local and tribal communities will participate in nursery development, plantation, and long-term care, creating employment and skill-building opportunities.
• The project strengthens India’s National Biodiversity Targets and reinforces the country’s global commitments under the Convention on Biological Diversity.

Topic: National Appointments

7. Shailesh Chandra has been appointed as the new Managing Director and CEO of Tata Motors.

• His three-year term will begin on October 1, 2025.
• Chandra is currently the Joint MD of the passenger vehicle and electric mobility divisions.
• He will continue to lead Tata’s electric vehicle strategy.
• Dhiman Gupta has been named the new Chief Financial Officer. He replaces P.B. Balaji in the role.
• P.B. Balaji will take over as CEO of Jaguar Land Rover.
• These leadership changes show Tata Motors’ growing focus on electric vehicles.

Topic: International News

8. India and Bhutan have decided to build two cross-border railway lines.

• These lines will connect key towns in Bhutan with parts of Assam and West Bengal.
• One route will link Gelephu in Bhutan with Kokrajhar in Assam.
• The other will connect Samtse in Bhutan with Banarhat in West Bengal.
• The total cost of both projects is estimated at ₹4,033 crore.
• The Kokrajhar-Gelephu railway will be 69 kilometres long. It will cost around ₹3,456 crore to build.
• The Banarhat-Samtse railway will cover 20 kilometres. It will be constructed at a cost of ₹577 crore.
• Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw said India will fully fund both projects.
• These will be the first railway links ever established between India and Bhutan.
• The agreement was signed during Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to Bhutan last year.
• India is Bhutan’s largest trading partner. It is also the main contributor to Bhutan’s development assistance.
• India has played a major role in improving Bhutan’s infrastructure.
• It has also supported Bhutan’s broader economic growth.

Topic: Sports

9. Rinku Hooda won the gold medal in the Men’s F46 Javelin Throw event.

• The event is part of the World Para Athletics Championships.
• Sundar Singh Gurjar finished second and claimed the silver medal.
• Rinku achieved a top throw of 66.37 meters. Sundar Singh recorded a best throw of 64.76 meters.
• The championships are taking place in New Delhi.
• India is currently in sixth place on the overall points table.
• The country has won a total of five medals so far. This includes two gold medals.
• The World Championships will conclude on October 5.
• World Para Athletics Championships was called the IPC Athletics World Championships before 2017.
• They are a biennial Paralympic athletics event.
• They are  organized by World Para Athletics, which is a subcommittee of the International Paralympic Committee (IPC).

Topic: MoUs/Agreements

10. The Free Trade Agreement between India and EFTA countries will become effective on October 1, 2025.

• Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal announced this at the UP International Trade Show.
• He said many developed nations want to sign trade deals with India.
• India has already made FTAs with the UAE, Australia, and the UK.
• India’s foreign exchange reserves have reached USD 700 billion.
• Discussions are ongoing with the US, EU, New Zealand, Oman, Peru, and Chile.
• Qatar and Bahrain have also shown interest in trade agreements with India.
• India has finalized trade terms with Eurasia.
• India is expected to become the third largest economy soon, with a GDP of USD 5 trillion.
• Uttar Pradesh is the first state to create a special Export Promotion Ministry.
• The One District, One Product program now covers over 750 districts.
• More than 1,200 products are promoted under this initiative.
• Unity Malls will be set up in all states to showcase local products.
• Uttar Pradesh will have three Unity Malls in Lucknow, Agra, and Varanasi.
• These malls will help local artisans and entrepreneurs gain more visibility.
• The UP International Trade Show highlighted MSMEs, women entrepreneurs, and export businesses.
• The event reflected the “vocal for local” and “local goes global” initiatives.
• The EFTA countries include Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland.