Daily Current Affairs and GK | 25 and 26 October 2022

By Priyanka Chaudhary | Last Modified: 04 Nov 2022 16:06 PM IST

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Topic: International News

1. Russia claimed that Ukraine is preparing to use dirty bomb.

  • Russia alleged that Ukraine’s government has given orders to two organizations to create dirty bombs.
  • Russia’s U.N Ambassador, Vassily Nebenzia, sent a letter to the United Nations related to the use of dirty bomb.
  • Russia claimed that Ukraine could use dirty bombs in the Russia-occupied town of Kherson.
  • Ukrainian officials and diplomats from the United States, France, and Britain rejected the claim.
  • Dirty bombs:
    • These are made up of conventional explosives and radioactive materials.
    • Dirty bombs are less powerful than nuclear bombs, and their radiation spreads to a distance of a few blocks or miles from the explosion.
    • Dirty bombs have never been used. They can create radiation poisoning on the affected population.

Topic: Sports

2. India is among the top 12 teams finalized for Men's 2022 World Team Chess Championship.

  • India, China, the United States, and the Netherlands are among the teams in top 12 teams finalized for Men's 2022 World Team Chess Championship.
  • The Men's 2022 World Team Chess Championship will begin on November 20 in Jerusalem, Israel.
  • The other participating countries are Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Spain, France, Ukraine, Poland, and Israel.
  • The 12 teams will be divided into two pools of about the same strength. The final match will be played on November 25.
  • Four teams from each pool will reach the quarterfinals. The tournament will be organized by the International Chess Federation (FIDE).

top 12 teams  for World Team Chess Championship

(Source: News on AIR)

Topic: State News/ Gujarat

3. Gujarati New Year Bestu Varsh celebrated with gaiety on 26 October.

  • In Gujarat, the new year, known as Bestu Varsh, is celebrated as part of the five-day Diwali celebrations.
  • Gujarati community all over the world celebrated the New Year with traditional faith and enthusiasm.
  • Gujarati New Year - Vikram Samvat 2079 started from 26 October.
  • It falls on Shukla Paksha Pratipada in the Hindu month of Kartik.

Gujarati New Year Bestu Varsh

(Source: News on AIR)

Topic: Sports

4. Aman Sehrawat has created history by winning a gold medal at the Under-23 World Wrestling Championship in Spain.

  • 16-year-old Aman is the first Indian wrestler to win a gold medal in this competition.
  • He defeated Turkey's Ahmet Duman 12-4 in the final.
  • Olympic medalists Bajrang Punia and Ravi Kumar Dahiya had also reached the finals of this competition earlier and won the silver medal.
  • Earlier this year, Aman won the gold medal in the Under-23 Asian Championship and a silver medal in the Under-20 Asian Championship.
  • India's Sajan Bhanwala has become the first Greco-Roman wrestler to win a bronze medal in this competition.
  • India has received six medals, including one gold, one silver, and four bronze in the Under-23 World Wrestling Championship 2022.

Aman Sehrawat won gold

(Source: News on AIR)

Topic: Summits/ Conferences/ Meetings

5. V Muraleedharan attended the meeting of the ‘Dakar International Forum on Peace and Security in Africa’.

  • Visiting Senegal Minister of State for External Affairs V Muraleedharan attended the opening session of this meeting.
  • On 24 October, Senegalese President Mackie Saal inaugurated the meeting in Dakar.
  • The Presidents of Angola and Cabo Verde, several ministers and high-level dignitaries were present at the event.
  • Mr Muraleedhan said that this is an important forum for policy discussions on various aspects of Africa's sovereignty and security.
  • He said that India firmly supports Africa's development priorities in the Guidance of Ten Principles laid out by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in the Parliament of Uganda in 2018.
  • India is participating in the meeting of this forum at the ministerial level for the first time.
  • The Dakar International Forum is a major event for policy makers in Africa.

Senegal Minister of State for External Affairs V Muraleedharan

(Source: News on AIR)

Topic: Awards and Prizes

6. FIPRESCI declared 'Pather Panchali' the best Indian movie.

  • The feature film "Pather Panchali" by legendary filmmaker Satyajit Ray has been announced as the best Indian film of all time by the International Federation of Film Critics (FIPRESCI).
  • The announcement has been made according to a poll conducted by the India chapter of FIPRESCI.
  • The voting was conducted in secret, and involved 30 members, according to a press release issued by FIPRESCI-India.
  • "Pather Panchali," Ray's debut film as a director, was based on the 1929 Bengali novel of the same name by Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay.
  • The film was influenced by the Italian Neorealism movement.
  • Subir Banerjee, Kanu Banerjee, Karuna Banerjee, Uma Dasgupta, Pinaki Sengupta, and Chunibala Devi worked in this movie.
  • International Federation of Film Critics (FIPRESCI):
    • It is a group of professional film critics and film journalists from all over the world who work together to "promote and develop film culture and protect professional interests."
    • It was founded in June 1930 in Brussels, Belgium.
    • Currently, it has members in more than 50 countries worldwide.
    • It is headquartered in Munich.
    • Its President is Alin Tasciyan.
 
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Topic: Important Days

7. 7th Ayurveda Day was celebrated worldwide on 23 October 2022.

  • Dhanawantari Jayanti is celebrated as Ayurveda Day since 2016 to promote our most ancient and well-documented system of medicine.
  • This year, the theme for Ayurveda Day is 'Har Din Har Ghar Ayurveda'.
  • Keeping in view the theme, activities were conducted under 3-Js i.e. Jan Sandesh, Jan Bhagidari and Jan Aandolan.
  • 6 week long events were conducted with the aim of Jan Sandesh, Jan Bhagidari and Jan Aandolan from 12th September 2022 to 23rd October 2022.
  • As part of 7th Ayurveda Day celebration, main event was held at Vigyan Bhawan in New Delhi.
  • Tribal Affairs Minister Shri Arjun Munda was present on the occasion as the Chief Guest.
  • A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between Ministry of Ayush and Ministry of Tribal Affairs to collaborate in Ayush sector.
  • Ministry of Ayush’s ‘I support Ayurveda’ campaign got support from more than 1.7 crore people.
  • On the occasion, a book on ‘The Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India’, ‘The Ayurvedic formulary of India’ was released.
  • To create awareness about the health benefits of medicinal plants, a species-specific national campaign on Ashwagandha - A health promoter was launched by the Ministry of Ayush.

 

7th Ayurveda Day

(Source: News on AIR)

Topic: Important Days

8. Disarmament Week: 24-30 October

  • Disarmament Week starts on 24 October, the anniversary of the founding of the United Nations.
  • The week-long annual event was first called in the ‘Final Document’ of the UN General Assembly’s 1978 special session on disarmament.
  • In 1995, governments and NGOs were invited by the General Assembly to continue taking an active part in Disarmament Week in order to promote a better understanding among the public of disarmament issues.
  • In 2018, United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres launched Securing our Common Future: An Agenda for Disarmament.
  • The United Nations Disarmament Commission (UNDC) was set up in 1952 under the UN Security Council for the regulation and reduction of armed forces.
  • UNDC is headquartered in New York, United States. Its head is Han Tae-song.

Topic: Defence

9. India successfully test-fired Agni Prime ballistic missile off the coast of Odisha.

  • Agni Prime is an advanced version of the Agni missiles. It has a range between 1000 and 2000 km.
  • During the trial, the missile travelled the maximum range and achieved all objectives. The accuracy and reliability of the system have been also achieved.
  • The performance of the system has been validated through various instruments like radar, telemetry and electro-optical tracking systems.
  • The first test was done in June last year and the second test was done in December.
  • Agni Prime:
    • It is a nuclear-capable new-generation missile. It is a two-stage canisterised missile.
    • It can be launched by rail or road and can be transported as per the operational requirements.
    • Its weight is 50% less than the Agni 3 missile and is equipped with the new guidance and propulsion systems.

Topic: Reports and Indices/Ranking

10. India suffered income loss of 5.4% of GDP due to heatwave in 2021: Climate Transparency Report 2022

  • India’s loss due to the heatwave is the highest among the G20 countries.
  • As per the report, 142 million people in India may get exposed to heatwaves at 1.5 Degrees Celsius.
  • Heatwaves in India affected workers, labour migrants, low-income households and homeless people. It also reduced the yields of wheat crops.
  • The 'Climate Transparency Report 2022' has been developed by experts from 16 partner organizations.
  • The USA ranked first with a 25% contribution to the global emission, it is followed by the European Union with 22%.
  • G20 countries are responsible for around three-quarters of global emissions.
  • The report highlighted the link between the climate emergency and the energy crisis. The report will work as a reference tool for decision-makers.
  • As per the report, the G-20 countries are still not taking the necessary action. India is only responsible for 3 percent of global emissions.
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Topic: International News

11. Australia withdraws recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel.

  • The present Australian government has reversed a previous government's recognition of West Jerusalem as Israel's capital.
  • The cabinet of the government agreed to re-recognize Tel Aviv as the capital.
  • Foreign Minister Penny Wong said that the situation in Jerusalem should be resolved through peace talks between Israel and the Palestinians.
  • In December 2018, Prime Minister Scott Morrison formally recognised West Jerusalem as Israel's capital.
  • The change came after then-US President Donald Trump's decision to move the US embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem.
  • Israel occupied East Jerusalem after the 1967 Six-Day War and declared the entire city as its "eternal and indivisible capital".
  • The Palestinians claim the eastern part as the capital of the future state.

Topic: International Appointments

12. Rishi Sunak becomes the first British Asian Prime Minister.

  • The former Finance Minister of UK, Rishi Sunak was appointed Prime Minister by King Charles III on 25 October 2022.
  • He has been elected as leader of the Conservative Party.
  • He is 42 years old and has become the youngest Prime Minister of Britain in more than a century.
  • Liz Truss who recently became the Prime Minister stepped down on 20 October 2022.
  • Rishi Sunak was born in Southampton, Hampshire.
  • Prime Minister of UK is the head of the government.

Topic: Summits/Conferences/Meetings

13. Global Youth Climate Summit inaugurated in Bangladesh.

  • On 20th October, youth from 70 countries participated in the Summit in Khulna, Bangladesh.
  • The three-day summit from October 20-22 brought together 650 youth in a hybrid format, with 150 youth took part in person and 500 online.
  • The summit's aim was for young people to explore how they can take the lead in the fight against climate change. 
  • Global Youth Leadership Centre (GYLC) organised the programme.
  • GYLC has been launched as a global organization to mobilize youth to tackle the climate crisis.
  • To empower youth to take climate action, the 10 delegates at the summit received a USD 1,000 grant to implement their climate mitigation or adaptation project.

Topic: Geography

14. Partial Solar Eclipse observed in India and other parts of the world on 25 October 2022.

  • The eclipse was seen in the areas covering Europe, north-eastern parts of Africa, Middle East, North Atlantic Ocean, western Asia and north Indian Ocean.
  • The next solar eclipse will be seen in India on 2 August 2027. It will be a total solar eclipse.
  • Solar Eclipse occurs when the Moon comes between Sun and Earth casting a shadow on Earth.
  • Observing solar eclipse with the naked eye can cause permanent damage to a person’s retina as high-density radiations are released from the photosphere of the Sun.
 
 

 

 

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